Pericles' plan to defeat Sparta seemed to have taken account of everything. With a fleet of 300 triremes; 13,000 hoplite infantrymen; 1,200 cavalry and16,000 reserves; the Athenians believed ...

In the year 431 BC Pericles stood before the popular assembly and urged them to make a momentous decision: 'If we go to war, as I think we must, be determined that we are not going to climb down. For ...

Through the course of Western history, only a few leaders have so dominated their eras as to lend them an adjectival label. England had its Elizabethan age, Rome its Augustan. But first came Periclean ...

Historian Stuttard (Nemesis) reframes ancient Greece’s “golden age” as a turbulent period of culture wars centered around the construction of the Parthenon. The temple complex, Stuttard argues, was a ...

It was a moment of political convulsion and public disquiet; a moment of dire pandemic and demagogic politicians; and a moment to grieve for the dead and galvanize the living. It was a speech given by ...

Our public men have, besides politics, their private affairs to attend to, and our ordinary citizens, though occupied with the pursuits of industry, are still fair judges of public matters; for, ...